{"product_id":"authoritarian-divide-1","title":"Authoritarian Divide","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn the context of the global decline of democracy, \u003cem\u003eThe Authoritarian Divide\u003c\/em\u003e analyzes the tactics that populist leaders in Turkey, Venezuela, and Ecuador have used to polarize their countries.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolitical polarization is traditionally viewed as the result of competing left\/right ideologies. In \u003cem\u003eThe Authoritarian Divide\u003c\/em\u003e, Orçun Selçuk argues that, regardless of ideology, polarization is driven by dominant populist leaders who deliberately divide constituents by cultivating a dichotomy of inclusion and exclusion. This practice, known as affective leader polarization, stymies compromise and undermines the democratic process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrawing on multiple qualitative and quantitative methodologies for support, as well as content from propaganda media such as public speeches, Muhtar Meetings, \u003cem\u003eAló Presidente\u003c\/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eEnlace Ciudadano\u003c\/em\u003e, Selçuk details and analyzes the tactics used by three well-known populist leaders to fuel affective leader polarization: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, Hugo Chávez in Venezuela, and Rafael Correa in Ecuador. Selçuk's work provides a rubric for a better understanding of—and potential defense against—the rise in polarizing populism across the globe.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"University of Notre Dame Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56672946127192,"sku":"9780268208080","price":43.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0278\/1295\/4195\/files\/9780268208080.jpg?v=1780118166","url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/authoritarian-divide-1","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}