{"product_id":"circulating-subjects","title":"Circulating Subjects","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eCirculating Subjects\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e investigates the migration of women abroad for sex work from the 1880s through the 1930s, which Russian feminists, liberal jurists, and imperial bureaucrats worked together to define and criminalize as \"white slavery.\"\u003c\/b\u003e As\u003ci\u003e Circulating Subjects\u003c\/i\u003e reveals, white slavery became a powerful tool of border control for the Russian Empire, later the Soviet Union, as it played a central role in shaping a global campaign against sex trafficking. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhilippa Hetherington explores how a paternalistic desire to protect women underwrote the expansion of state power, linking gender, sexuality, and migration to the broader politics of sovereignty. Through vivid archival research spanning Odessa, Istanbul, and Geneva, Hetherington follows the development of Russian and Soviet efforts against sex trafficking across legal, diplomatic, and carceral domains. She draws on police files, consular reports, and the records of early feminist and humanitarian organizations to show how anti-trafficking campaigns, often led by people who considered themselves progressive, ultimately reinforced systems of surveillance and repression. Her framing of the \"sex\/migration nexus\" captures how trafficking became a flexible label used to police the movements of entire populations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eCirculating Subjects\u003c\/i\u003e examines how trafficking was constructed, debated, and institutionalized. Hetherington's account offers critical insight into how moral panic becomes policy and how states mobilize concern for women to reinforce their power. For readers interested in gender, migration, and global law, this book illuminates a past that echoes in the ways we police borders today.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cornell University Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":57257052471640,"sku":"9781501787669","price":64.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/circulating-subjects","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}