{"product_id":"confucianism-and-the-continuation-of-anti-enlightenment","title":"Confucianism and the Continuation of Anti-Enlightenment","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn 18th-century Europe, before the “Counter-Enlightenment,” two coexisting perspectives emerged within the Enlightenment: the first was the belief that humans were endowed with the capacity to think independently, which led to the possibility of egalitarianism; the second was the restriction of the faculty’s scope of application, which argued that the people must rely on intellectuals as their new shepherds. The latter is “Anti-Enlightenment” and anti-egalitarian.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book argues that Neo-Confucianism showed these two Enlightenment trends after the 11th century. The imperial examination reform allowed commoners to rise to the bureaucratic elite, thereby achieving top-down “Enlightenment”. Despite the emerging elite’s claims of caring for the people, this benevolence does not expect the people to become self-sufficient adults, which brings up this book’s second theme of comparing French Revolution “Fraternity” with Confucian “Benevolence.”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaking “Enlightenment” and “Fraternity” as clues, the author analyses the intellectual history in four countries (China, Japan, Germany, and France), revealing not only the inherent “Anti-Enlightenment” mentality within the European Enlightenment, but also the process of “Enlightenment” commenced as early as the 11th century in China.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis book will appeal to scholars of Enlightenment, intellectual history, and comparative study of East-West thought.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54263132094808,"sku":"9781041051114","price":179.8,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0278\/1295\/4195\/files\/9781041051114.jpg?v=1772010032","url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/confucianism-and-the-continuation-of-anti-enlightenment","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}