{"product_id":"democratic-ideals-and-reality","title":"Democratic Ideals and Reality","description":"\u003cp\u003e1919 saw the publication of two major polemical works: \u003ci\u003eThe Economic Consequences of the Peace\u003c\/i\u003e by John Maynard Keynes and \u003ci\u003eDemocratic Ideals and Reality\u003c\/i\u003e by Halford J. Mackinder. The former is famous, the latter much less so - but it was its own way a prophetic book. \u003cbr\u003e    Mackinder's message, his warning - addressed to the peacemakers at Versailles - was memorably summarized thus: 'Who Rules East Europe commands the Heartland: \/ Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island: \/ Who rules the World-Island commands the World.' \u003cbr\u003e  Mackinder contended that power was shifting from the sea-borne empires to countries that encompassed the great land masses: Eastern Europe he designated as 'the geographical pivot of history.' His thesis made a notable impression on German geopolitician Karl Haushofer who was keenly read, in turn, by Hitler. But \u003ci\u003eDemocratic Ideals and Reality\u003c\/i\u003e has endured as a critical study of imperial ambitions and geographical realities.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Faber \u0026 Faber","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54243528474968,"sku":"9780571253760","price":19.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0278\/1295\/4195\/files\/9780571253760_5066f116-9a5c-4f65-ac6f-dd86eb137c96.jpg?v=1765957539","url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/democratic-ideals-and-reality","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}