{"product_id":"gauge-theories-in-the-twentieth-century","title":"Gauge Theories In The Twentieth Century","description":"By the end of the 1970s, it was clear that all the known forces of nature (including, in a sense, gravity) were examples of gauge theories, characterized by invariance under symmetry transformations chosen independently at each position and each time. These ideas culminated with the finding of the W and Z gauge bosons (and perhaps also the Higgs boson). This important book brings together the key papers in the history of gauge theories, including the discoveries of: the role of gauge transformations in the quantum theory of electrically charged particles in the 1920s; nonabelian gauge groups in the 1950s; vacuum symmetry-breaking in the 1960s; asymptotic freedom in the 1970s. A short introduction explains the significance of the papers, and the connections between them.","brand":"Imperial College Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54236964979032,"sku":"9781860942815","price":142.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0278\/1295\/4195\/files\/9781860942815_af128d72-2214-4872-a498-a29eb698da98.jpg?v=1777282223","url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/gauge-theories-in-the-twentieth-century","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}