{"product_id":"sons-of-ishmael-1","title":"Sons of Ishmael","description":"John Tolan is one of the world's foremost scholars in the field of early Christian\/Muslim interactions. These eleven essays explore, in greater depth than his previous books, a wide variety of topics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Bible and Qur'an agree that Arabs were the descendants of Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar. Ishmael is described in Genesis as \"\"a wild man; his hand will be against every man and every man's hand against him.\"\" To many medieval Christians, this was a prophecy of the violence and enmity between Ishmael's progeny and the Christians--spiritual descendants of his half-brother Isaac.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYet Tolan also discusses areas of convergence between Christendom and Islam such as the devotion to the Virgin Mary in twelfth-century Syria and Egypt and the chivalrous myths surrounding Muslim princes, especially Saladin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy providing a closer look at the ways Europeans perceived Islam and Muslims in the Middle Ages, Tolan opens a window into understanding the roots of current stereotypes of Muslims and Arabs in Western culture.","brand":"University Press of Florida","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":55805759324504,"sku":"9780813044675","price":21.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0278\/1295\/4195\/files\/9780813044675_ddd96e65-9540-42d1-81b0-1bbe7f310006.jpg?v=1778638566","url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/sons-of-ishmael-1","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}