{"product_id":"wendish-crusade-1147","title":"Wendish Crusade, 1147","description":"The Wendish Crusade of 1147, one of the Northern Crusades and a part of the Second Crusade, took place at a critical phase in the evolution of crusading rhetoric. The initiators and apologists of the campaign employed rhetorical devices to justify the occupation of a region and conversion of a population under the auspices of a crusade. A detailed examination of the primary sources shows that the justification of a crusade against apostates was not only a German endeavour, or the pope’s will, but a political reality of the twelfth century. Therefore, the attitude of the papacy is shown to be reactive rather than proactive.","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis Ltd","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54238622482776,"sku":"9781032177465","price":31.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0278\/1295\/4195\/files\/9781032177465.jpg?v=1769154340","url":"https:\/\/agendabookshop.com\/products\/wendish-crusade-1147","provider":"Agenda Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}