Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe
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It is often assumed that natural philosophy was the forerunner of early modern natural sciences. But where did these sciences' systematic observation and experimentation get their starts? In "Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe", the laboratories, workshops, and marketplaces emerge as arenas where hands-on experience united with higher learning. In an age when chemistry, mineralogy, geology, and botany intersected with mining, metallurgy, pharmacy, and gardening, materials were objects that crossed disciplines. Here, the contributors tell the stories of metals, clay, gunpowder, pigments, and foods, and thereby demonstrate the innovative practices of technical experts, the development of the consumer market, and the formation of the observational and experimental sciences in the early modern period. By exploring the hybrid expertise involved in the making, consumption, and promotion of various materials, the book offers an original perspective on important issues in the history of science, medicine, and technology.
Ursula Klein is senior research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science and the author of Experiment, Models, Paper Tools: Cultures of Organic Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century. E. C. Spary is a lecturer in the history of eighteenth-century medicine at the Wellcome Trust for the History of Medicine at University College, London, and the author of Utopia's Garden: French Natural History from Old Regime to Revolution.