First Steps
Humans are the only mammals to walk on two, rather than four, legs. From an evolutionary perspective, this is an illogical development, as it slows us down. But here we are, suggesting there must have been something tremendous to gain from bipedalism.
First Steps takes our ordinary, everyday walking experience and reveals how unusual and extraordinary it truly is. The seven-million-year-long journey through the origins of upright walking shows how it was in fact a gateway to many of the other attributes that make us human—from our technological skills and sociality to our thirst for exploration.
DeSilva uses early human evolution to explain the instinct that propels a crawling infant to toddle onto two feet, differences between how men and women tend to walk, physical costs of upright walking, including hernias, varicose veins and backache, and the challenges of childbirth imposed by a bipedal pelvis. And he theorises that upright walking may have laid the foundation for the traits of compassion, empathy and altruism that characterise our species today and helped us become the dominant species on this planet.
Jeremy DeSilva is an associate professor of anthropology at Dartmouth College and a paleoanthropologist, specialising in the fossilised remains of the first apes (hominoids) and early human ancestors and extinct relatives (hominins). Through his particular anatomical expertise—the foot and leg—he has made major contributions, many featured in the international media, to our understanding of the origins and evolution of upright walking in the human lineage.