Expelled

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1960s US history. religion and race
A01=Benjamin Houston
academic freedom
academic governance
activism
African American history
Author_Benjamin Houston
Black theology
Category=DN
civil disobedience
civil rights
eq_bestseller
eq_biography-true-stories
eq_isMigrated=1
eq_isMigrated=2
eq_new_release
eq_nobargain
eq_non-fiction
higher education
Methodist history
Nashville
nonviolent direct action
race in higher education
race relations
southern history
Tennessee

Product details

  • ISBN 9780826500120
  • Weight: 286g
  • Dimensions: 152 x 229mm
  • Publication Date: 15 Feb 2026
  • Publisher: Vanderbilt University Press
  • Publication City/Country: US
  • Product Form: Hardback
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In February 1960, as lunch counter sit-ins began in Southern cities, national attention focused on Nashville, where demonstrations were carried out by an unusually organized and disciplined group of students tutored extensively in nonviolent direct action. Their mentor was Reverend James Lawson Jr., a graduate student at Vanderbilt University Divinity School with longstanding nonviolent credentials. His workshops with Nashville students, exploring Gandhian style philosophies and tactics, had predated the famed Greensboro sit-ins.

As demonstrations continued in Nashville and successive sit-ins saw violence erupt downtown, local Black ministers demanded an audience with Mayor Ben West. At this meeting, an exchange occurred that was misconstrued by subsequent newspaper reportage. Shortly thereafter, Lawson was summarily expelled from Vanderbilt, one semester shy of graduating.

Lawson’s ouster triggered a wave of repercussions and headlines. After extended negotiations with their superiors were rebuffed, a large contingent of Divinity School faculty resigned en masse. Simmering dissension between the university’s professors, Board of Trust, and administrators kept the crisis ongoing. Sustained criticism of Vanderbilt both within the city and nationally made for a turbulent situation as Lawson’s expulsion came to symbolize profound tensions about civil rights and racial justice.

Benjamin Houston is a senior lecturer in the School of History, Classics, and Archaeology at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom. His specializations include twentieth-century US history, the Black freedom struggle, and oral history. He is the author of The Nashville Way: Racial Etiquette and the Struggle for Social Justice in a Southern City.

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