Inherited Inequality

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A01=Christina J. Cross
african american families
Annette Lareau Unequal Childhoods
Author_Christina J. Cross
black disadvantage
black families
black youth
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Category=JBSP2
Category=JH
Category=JHBK
economic barriers
economic inequality
economic opportunity
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Racism Without Racists
educational attainment
educational gaps
educational outcomes
employment disparities
eq_bestseller
eq_isMigrated=1
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eq_non-fiction
eq_society-politics
family outcomes
family resources
family sociology
family structure
income inequality
institutional racism
intergenerational mobility
life outcomes
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Melvin Oliver Black WealthWhite Wealth
moynihan report
opportunity structures
Patrick Sharkey Stuck in Place
poverty research
racial bias
racial discrimination
racial disparity
racial gaps
racial inequality
racial stratification
single-parent household
social capital
social inequality
social mobility
social policy
social reproduction
socioeconomic disparities
structural racism
two-parent families
wealth gaps
welfare policy
welfare reform
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Product details

  • ISBN 9780674278493
  • Weight: 568g
  • Dimensions: 156 x 235mm
  • Publication Date: 16 Sep 2025
  • Publisher: Harvard University Press
  • Publication City/Country: US
  • Product Form: Hardback
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A groundbreaking study challenges basic tenets of US social welfare policy with proof that raising Black children in two-parent families does not close racial gaps in life outcomes.

Ever since Daniel Patrick Moynihan’s controversial 1965 report on “The Negro Family,” the disadvantages of the single-parent household have been at the center of debates about racial inequality in the United States. In particular, absent fathers and single-parent homes are seen as fundamental to the “tangle of pathology” that supposedly underlies Black disadvantage. Redressing inequality thus requires interventions that promote marriage and shore up the two-parent family.

Inherited Inequality is a decisive refutation of this narrative and a definitive account of the harm it has caused. Marshaling extensive longitudinal data of African American and white children from birth through young adulthood, sociologist Christina Cross demonstrates that the two-parent family is no equalizer. While growing up with two parents increases average household income and allows for more parental involvement, the resulting gains are racially skewed: Black children brought up in a two-parent home still fare much worse than their white counterparts, in school and on the job market. Thus, interventions aimed at correcting the supposed deficiencies of the Black family will not fix these inequities. To the contrary, Cross insists, focusing on family structure distracts us from the racist legacies and logics that persistently leave African Americans with fewer resources and opportunities, regardless of who raises them.

The first comprehensive empirical study of its kind, Inherited Inequality is a resounding repudiation of welfare policies that, to this day, favor marriage counseling over economic assistance. More than that, it is a provocative invitation to rethink the meaning of family in Black communities.

Christina J. Cross is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Harvard University. Her writing has appeared in the New York Times and leading sociology journals.

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