Last Human Job

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AI
Allison Pugh
Artificial intelligence
audit culture
Author_Allison Pugh
automation
belonging
Category=JHBL
Category=JMH
Category=KJW
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commodification
Connection
customization
data analytics
efficiency
emotion work
emotional labor
emotions
empathy
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humane work
Interpersonal work
loneliness
mirroring
personalization
rationalization
recognition
reflection
relational work
relationship
systems
The Last Human Job: The Work of Connecting in a Disconnected World

Product details

  • ISBN 9780691243771
  • Dimensions: 133 x 203mm
  • Publication Date: 27 Jan 2026
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press
  • Publication City/Country: US
  • Product Form: Paperback
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A timely and urgent argument for preserving the work that connects us in the age of automation

"A compelling case for valuing care as a societal good and as skilled labor."—The Nation

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and labor-saving technologies like self-checkouts and automated factories, the future of work has never been more uncertain, and even jobs requiring high levels of human interaction are no longer safe. The Last Human Job explores the human connections that underlie our work, arguing that what people do for each other in these settings is valuable and worth preserving.

Drawing on in-depth interviews and observations with people in a broad range of professions—from physicians, teachers, and coaches to chaplains, therapists, caregivers, and hairdressers—Allison Pugh develops the concept of “connective labor,” a kind of work that relies on empathy, the spontaneity of human contact, and a mutual recognition of each other’s humanity. The threats to connective labor are not only those posed by advances in AI or apps; Pugh demonstrates how profit-driven campaigns imposing industrial logic shrink the time for workers to connect, enforce new priorities of data and metrics, and introduce standardized practices that hinder our ability to truly see each other. She concludes with profiles of organizations where connective labor thrives, offering practical steps for building a social architecture that works.

Vividly illustrating how connective labor enriches the lives of individuals and binds our communities together, The Last Human Job is a compelling argument for us to recognize, value, and protect humane work in an increasingly automated and disconnected world.

Allison Pugh is professor of sociology at Johns Hopkins University. She is the author of The Tumbleweed Society: Working and Caring in an Age of Insecurity and Longing and Belonging: Parents, Children, and Consumer Culture. Her writing has appeared in leading publications such as The New Yorker, The New York Times, and The New Republic.

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