Napoleon's Long Shadow

This pioneering work is the first to examine Napoleon’s influence on the Civil War through direct, battle-by-battle comparison.

For the generation that fought the American Civil War, the wars of the early nineteenth century were not distant history—they were a professional guide. Military education at West Point and elsewhere immersed American officers in the campaigns of Europe’s great commanders, and none cast a longer shadow than the Corsican general Napoleon Bonaparte.

Despite decades of casual analogy, until now, no comprehensive study has ever examined how Napoleon’s campaigns shaped Civil War operations on the battlefield. Through a series of clear, apples-to-apples comparisons, author Tim Smith places nine of Napoleon’ campaigns alongside their closest Civil War counterparts. The result is a fresh interpretation of how the Civil War was fought. Smith argues that the war’s early years were profoundly shaped by earlier models of warfare, while its final year marked a decisive break toward a more modern, industrial style of conflict.

By placing these campaigns side by side, Napoleon’s Long Shadow not only clarifies how Civil War commanders operated, but also challenges long-held assumptions rooted more in legend than in reality.

Timothy B. Smith teaches history at the University of Tennessee at Martin. His many books on the Civil War include Early Struggles for Vicksburg: The Mississippi Central Campaign and Chickasaw Bayou, October 25–December 31, 1862; Bayou Battles for Vicksburg: The Swamp and River Expeditions, January 1-April 30, 1863; The Union Assaults at Vicksburg: Grant Attacks Pemberton, May 17–22, 1863; and The Siege of Vicksburg: Climax of the Campaign to Open the Mississippi River, May 23–July 4, 1863, all published by Kansas.