New England Town Meeting
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In this groundbreaking study, Zimmerman explores the town meeting form of government in all New England states. This comprehensive work relies heavily upon surveys of town officers and citizens, interviews, and mastery of the scattered writing on the subject. Zimmerman finds that the stereotypes of the New England open town meeting advanced by its critics are a serious distortion of reality. He shows that voter superintendence of town affairs has proven to be effective, and there is no empirical evidence that thousands of small towns and cities with elected councils are governed better. Whereas the relatively small voter attendance suggests that interest groups can control town meetings, their influence has been offset effectively by the development of town advisory committees, particularly the finance committee and the planning board, which are effective counterbalances to pressure groups.
Zimmerman provides a new conception of town meeting democracy, positing that the meeting is a de facto representative legislative body with two safety valves—open access to all voters and the initiative to add articles to the warrant, and the calling of special meetings to reconsider decisions made at the preceding town meeting. And, as Zimmerman points out, a third safety valve—the protest referendum—can be adopted by a town meeting.
JOSEPH F. ZIMMERMAN is Professor of Political Science at the Graduate School of Public Affairs of the State University of New York. A member of the editorial boards of Publius, National Civic Review, Voting and Democracy Review, and Representation, Professor Zimmerman was the first chairman of the section on Representation and Electoral Systems of the American Political Science Association. He is the author of numerous books, including The Recall: Tribunal of the People (Praeger, 1997) and Interstate Relations: The Neglected Dimension of Federalism (Praeger, 1996).