A01=David E. Over
A01=Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
Author_David E. Over
Author_Jonathon St. B.T. Evans
belief
Belief Bias
Belief Bias Effect
bias
Category=JMR
competence
Conditional Reasoning
deductive
Deductive Competence
Deductive Reasoning Instructions
Deductive Reasoning Literature
deontic
Deontic Conditional
Deontic Selection Tasks
Dual Process Theory
Epistemic Utility
eq_bestseller
eq_isMigrated=1
eq_isMigrated=2
eq_nobargain
eq_non-fiction
eq_society-politics
Heuristic Analytic Theory
indicative
Indicative Conditionals
Indicative Selection Task
Inference Rules
Inference Version
Matching Bias
Mental Logic
Mental Model Theorists
Modus Ponens
Negative Conclusion Bias
Normative Decision Theory
selection
Selection Task
SEU
task
tasks
Truth Table Task
wason
Wason Selection Task
Product details
- ISBN 9780863774386
- Weight: 360g
- Dimensions: 156 x 234mm
- Publication Date: 17 Jun 1999
- Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
- Publication City/Country: GB
- Product Form: Paperback
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This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1
Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it.
As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.
Jonathon St. B.T. Evans, David E. Over
