Soutine / De Kooning

“I’ve always been crazy about Soutine – all of his paintings,” said the Dutch-American abstract expressionist Willem de Kooning (1904–1997) in 1977. How much de Kooning’s approach was due to the influence of Lithuanian artist Chaim Soutine

(1893–1943) is examined in this exhibition catalogue, in which the two artists are dramatically juxtaposed.

This book accompanies an exhibition organized by the Musée de l’Orangerie, Paris, and The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, dedicated to the affinities between the work of Chaim Soutine and Willem de Kooning. It was Dr Alfred Barnes who had made Soutine’s career by buying the bulk of the unknown artist’s available work in Paris in 1923. The exhibition and accompanying publication will show how the work of Soutine had a decisive influence on the development of de Kooning’s art, especially following Soutine’s posthumous retrospective held at The Museum of Modern Art in 1950.

The expressive force of Soutine’s painting, coupled with his image as an ‘accursed’ (maudit) artist struggling with the vicissitudes and excesses of bohemian life in Paris during the interwar years, exerted a particular influence on a new generation of post-war painters in the United States. In 1977 de Kooning emphatically declared: “I think I would choose Soutine [as my favourite artist] ... I’ve always been crazy about Soutine – all of his paintings”. Of all the Abstract Expressionists, de Kooning was the only one who continued to praise Soutine throughout his career and to credit him with an influence on his work. De Kooning very likely first discovered Soutine’s work before the Second World War in the New York galleries. Indeed, his figure paintings of the 1940s with their distortion and sense of compression already shared characteristics with Soutine’s figures painted of two decades earlier. A significant turning point in de Kooning’s work, evident in his celebrated series of Women paintings of the early 1950s, coincides with his in-depth study of the artistic world of Soutine at both The Modern’s retrospective and his visit to the Barnes Foundation with his wife Elaine de Kooning in June 1952. It was during these years that the Dutch-American artist matured his own personal form of expressionism, which, with its visceral brushstrokes and heavy impasto, lies somewhere between figuration and abstraction.

Simonetta Fraquelli is an independent curator specializing in early twentieth-century art. She worked for more than twenty years at the Royal Academy of Arts in London before becoming a freelance curator in 2006. Claire Bernardi is curator at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris.