Spartan Scytale and Developments in Ancient and Modern Cryptography

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A01=Martine Diepenbroek
ancient ciphers
ancient Greek
ancient history
ancient world
Author_Martine Diepenbroek
Category=DBSG
Category=JPSH
Category=NHC
Category=NHW
classical texts
classics
coding
communication
cryptographic tool
cryptography
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eq_biography-true-stories
eq_history
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eq_nobargain
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eq_society-politics
Latin
military intelligence
secret
Sparta
Spartan scytale
steganography
Tacitus
Thucydides
Xenophon

Product details

  • ISBN 9781350281318
  • Weight: 380g
  • Dimensions: 154 x 232mm
  • Publication Date: 29 May 2025
  • Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
  • Publication City/Country: GB
  • Product Form: Paperback
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This book offers a comprehensive review and reassessment of the classical sources describing the cryptographic Spartan device known as the scytale. Challenging the view promoted by modern historians of cryptography which look at the scytale as a simple and impractical ‘stick’, Diepenbroek argues for the scytale’s deserved status as a vehicle for secret communication in the ancient world. By way of comparison, Diepenbroek demonstrates that the cryptographic principles employed in the Spartan scytale show an encryption and coding system that is no less complex than some 20th-century transposition ciphers. The result is that, contrary to the accepted point of view, scytale encryption is as complex and secure as other known ancient ciphers.

Drawing on salient comparisons with a selection of modern transposition ciphers (and their historical predecessors), the reader is provided with a detailed overview and analysis of the surviving classical sources that similarly reveal the potential of the scytale as an actual cryptographic and steganographic tool in ancient Sparta in order to illustrate the relative sophistication of the Spartan scytale as a practical device for secret communication. This helps to establish the conceptual basis that the scytale would, in theory, have offered its ancient users a secure method for secret communication over long distances.

Martine Diepenbroek is a Dutch Classicist and Ancient Historian who finished her PhD on the topic of Ancient Cryptography at the University of Bristol, UK, in 2021. As a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa, she is currently working on a number of publications based on her doctoral research.

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