Author: Division on Earth and Life Studies

Convergence-based research approaches are critical in solving many scientific challenges, which frequently draw on large teams of collaborators fro...

One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produce...

Convergence of the life sciences with fields including physical, chemical, mathematical, computational, engineering, and social sciences is a key s...

Oil and gas well completion and stimulation technologies to develop unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the United States have evolved over the...

In some coalbeds, naturally occurring water pressure holds methanethe main component of natural gasfixed to coal surfaces and within the coal. In a...

Through direct exploration of the subseafloor, U.S.-supported scientific ocean drilling programs have significantly contributed to a broad range of...

Marine mammals face a large array of stressors, including loss of habitat, chemical and noise pollution, and bycatch in fishing, which alone kills ...

Produced waterwater from underground formations that is brought to the surface during oil and gas productionis the greatest volume byproduct associ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursu...

The continued presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in civilian installations such as research reactors poses a threat to national and internat...

Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cel...

In 1943, as part of the Manhattan Project, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation was established with the mission to produce plutonium for nuclear weapon...

Animal research will play an essential role in efforts to meet increasing demands for global health care. Yet the animal research community faces t...

The U.S. food system provides many benefits, not the least of which is a safe, nutritious and consistent food supply. However, the same system also...

Recent well documented reductions in the thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice cover, which can be linked to the warming climate, are affecting th...

In May 2007, the National Academies Chemical Sciences Roundtable held a public workshop on the topic of Bioinspired Chemistry for Energy, where gov...

Climate change is occurring. It is very likely caused by the emission of greenhouse gases from human activities, and poses significant risks for a ...

The Earth system - the atmospheric, hydrologic, geologic, and biologic cycles that circulate energy, water, nutrients, and other trace substances -...

Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes ne...

Improved observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and its interactions with the ocean, land, and ice surfaces have great potential to ad...

In the 1970s, flame retardants began to be added to synthetic materials to meet strict flammability standards. Over the years, diverse flame retard...

In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attenti...

Quantum concepts hold the potential to enable significant advances in sensing and imaging technologies that could be vital to the study of biologic...

Chemistry plays a pivotal role in the strength of the U.S. economy and the advancement of humankind. Chemists' achievements include life-saving pha...

Transportation is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, with petroleum accounting for 90 percent of transportation f...

Land-grant colleges and universities play a crucial role in addressing the complex challenges facing the U.S. agricultural system and global food s...

Since 1944, the National Research Council has published 10 editions of the Nutrient Requirements of Swine. This reference has guided nutritionists ...

Satellite remote sensing is the primary tool for measuring global changes in the land, ocean, biosphere, and atmosphere. Over the past three decade...

Biomedical research results in the collection and storage of increasingly large and complex data sets. Preserving those data so that they are disco...

Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and ...

Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies assesses the status of medical, research, sterilization, and other commercial applic...

Research to advance understanding of the ecology and biology of wildlife species is more important than ever as the world confronts issues ranging ...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program develops human health assessments that focus on ...

More intense heat waves, extended wildfire seasons and other escalating impacts of climate change have made it more important than ever to fill kno...

Aquaculture now supplies half of the seafood and fisheries products consumed worldwide and is gaining international significance as a source of foo...

During the last century and today, the Tennessee walking horse has been used primarily for pleasure and show competition. Unique and natural to the...