How China Escaped Shock Therapy: The Market Reform Debate

China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the countrys rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism. This book uncovers the fierce contest about economic reforms that shaped Chinas path. In the first post-Mao decade, Chinas reformers were sharply divided. They agreed that China had to reform its economic system and move toward more marketizationbut struggled over how to go about it. Should China destroy the core of the socialist system through shock therapy, or should it use the institutions of the planned economy as market creators? With hindsight, the historical record proves the high stakes behind the question: China embarked on an economic expansion commonly described as unprecedented in scope and pace, whereas Russias economy collapsed under shock therapy. Based on extensive research, including interviews with key Chinese and international participants and World Bank officials as well as insights gleaned from unpublished documents, the book charts the debate that ultimately enabled China to follow a path to gradual reindustrialization. Beyond shedding light on the crossroads of the 1980s, it reveals the intellectual foundations of state-market relations in reform-era China through a longue durée lens. Overall, the book delivers an original perspective on Chinas economic model and its continuing contestations from within and from without.