Hypospadias: Risk Factors, Epidemiology & Surgical Outcomes

Hypospadias is recognised as one the most common congenital malformations in male newborns, resulting in an abnormal opening of urethral meatus. It is regarded as a multifactorial disorder in which interactions between genetics, maternal and environmental factors lead to hypoplastic development of the ventral side of the penis, either dependently or in an interaction with other factors. This book discusses the risk factors of hypospadias. It also examines the epidemiology and surgical outcomes of hypospadias. See more