The Laws of Gravity and Electromagnetism: A Non-relativistic Model Invariant Under the Change of Inertial and Non-inertial Coordinate Systems

In this book the author derives, under the classical non-relativistic consideration of the space-time, general forms of the most common physical laws invariant under the changes of inertial or non-inertial coordinate systems, both in the classical and the quantum regime. Important examples of such invariant physical laws are the Maxwell Equations, Newtonian gravity as well as several more complicated models of gravity and many other physical laws including many of the laws of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, continuum mechanics, and optics. Moreover, several basic laws of relativistic physics, both in the classical and quantum regimes can be still formulated invariantly under the non-relativistic consideration of space-time. These include the classical relativistic Second Law of Newton and the quantum Dirac and Klein--Gordon equations for relativistic particles, including their interaction with the external gravitational field. In particular, we introduce the Hamiltonian formulation of the Dirac equation, and moreover, were able to formulate the Dirac equation for multiple particles, similarly to what was done for the Schroedinger equation of the non-relativistic quantum mechanics. One of the goals of this work is to provide a self-contained and simple mathematical formulation of the most general physical laws in a manner understandable to the reader familiar only with basic calculus, classical mechanics and basic elements of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.