Einstein''s Pacifism and World War I

To understand how Albert Einsteins pacifist and internationalist thought matured from a youthful inclination to pragmatic initiatives and savvy insights, Holmes gives readers access to Einstein in his own words. Through his private writings, she shows how Einsteins thoughts and feelings in response to the war evolved from horrified disbelief, to ironic alienation from both the wars violence and patriotic support for it by the German people, to a kind of bleak endurance. Meanwhile, his outward responses progressed, from supporting initiatives of other pacifists, to developing his own philosophy of a postwar order, to being the impetus behind initiatives.

In the beginning of the postwar period, Einsteins writing reflected an optimism about Germanys new Weimar Republic and trust in the laudatory effects of military defeat and economic hardship on the German people. He clearly supported the principles in US President Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points speech. Yet Einsteins enthusiasm diminished as he became disappointed in the early Weimar Republics leaders and as his aversion to the culture of violence developing in Germany grew. He also felt offended at the betrayal of Wilsons principles in the Treaty of Versailles. Drawing upon personal correspondence and public proclamations, Holmes offers an intimate and nuanced exploration of the pacifist thought of one of our greatest intellectuals. See more