Dynamics of Charity and Reciprocity in the Book of Sirach

In this study, Stephen Long explores the role of reciprocity and gift exchange in the wisdom-instruction of Ben Sira, contextualizing the sage's prescriptions in relation to comparative data from Greco-Roman antiquity and his own teaching on charity. While tangible human returns are the normal expectation in response to acts of generosity, Ben Sira is seen to have inflected this cultural expectation in a uniquely Jewish and theological manner. First, sacrifice is understood as a gift for the deity, a gift which the God of Israel will repay; second, acts of both ordinary, self-interested generosity as well as more altruistic acts are brought within the ambit of sacrifice. Ben Sira appears to think that he thereby followed the lead of prior, pentateuchal tradition, and drew out implications of a theology of creation whereby the cosmos is so ordered that every need is - or should be - met at the right time. Thus, Long elucidates a second century BCE sage's theological construal of the relation between charity and reciprocity. See more