Documentation and Argument in Early China: The Shàngsh (Venerated Documents) and the Sh Traditions

This study uncovers the traditions behind the formative Classic Shàngsh (Venerated Documents). It is the first to establish these traditionsSh (Documents)as a historically evolving practice of thought-production. By focusing on the literary form of the argument, it interprets the Sh as fluid text material that embodies the ever-changing cultural capital of projected conceptual communities. By showing how these communities actualised the Sh according to their changing visions of history and evolving group interests, the study establishes that by the Warring States period (ca. 453221 BC) the Sh had become a literary genre employed by diverse groups to legitimize their own arguments. Through forms of textual performance, the Sh gave even peripheral communities the means to participate in political discourse by conferring their ideas with ancient authority. Analysing this dynamic environment of socio-political and philosophical change, this study speaks to the Early China field, as well as to those interested in meaning production and foundational text formation more widely.