Virginia''s Sisters

About Anna AkhmatovaCharlotte Perkins GilmanEdith WhartonGabriela MistralGertrude SteinKatherine MansfieldMarina TsvetaevaVirginia WoolfZelda Fitzgerald

Gabi Reigh's translations and fiction have been published in Modern Poetry in Translation World Literature Today and The Fortnightly Review. She has won the Stephen Spender prize for poetry in translation and was shortlisted for the Tom-Gallon Society of Authors short story award. She is currently engaged in a translation project called Interbellum Series focusing on works from the Romanian interwar period including the poetry of Lucian Blaga. Gabi was awarded the English Pen Translates Award n 2019 for her translation of Mihail Sebastian's The Town with Acacia Trees. Virginia Woolf is a celebrated English writer considered the 'Mother' of Modernism because of her use of stream of consciousness within her work. She first published 'The Voyage out' in 1915 and went on to publish several novels as well as essays and short stories including 'Mrs Dalloway' 'Orlando' and 'A Room of One's Own.' Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an American humanist novelist writer lecturer advocate for social reform and eugenicist. She was a utopian feminist and served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. She has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Her best remembered work today is her semi-autobiographical short story The Yellow Wallpaper which she wrote after a severe bout of postpartum psychosis. Edith Wharton ( born Edith Newbold Jones; January 24 1862 - August 11 1937) was an American novelist short story writer and interior designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's knowledge of the upper-class New York aristocracy to realistically portray the lives and morals of the Gilded Age. In 1921 she became the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in Literature for her novel The Age of Innocence. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1996. Among her other well-known works are The House of Mirth and the novella Ethan Frome. Zelda Fitzgerald (nee Sayre; July 24 1900 - March 10 1948) was an American novelist painter and socialite. Born in Montgomery Alabama she was noted for her beauty and high spirits and was dubbed by her husband F. Scott Fitzgerald as the first American flapper. She and Scott became emblems of the Jazz Age for which they are still celebrated. The immediate success of Scott's first novel This Side of Paradise (1920) brought them into contact with high society but their marriage was plagued by wild drinking infidelity and bitter recriminations. Ernest Hemingway whom Fitzgerald disliked blamed her for her husband's declining literary output. Zelda suffered from a mental health crisis and was increasingly confined to specialist clinics. Different accounts suggest that she suffered from schizophrenia bipolar disorder or alternatively that she was victim of gaslighting by her husband. The couple were living apart when Scott died suddenly in 1940. Zelda Fitzgerald died over seven years later in a fire at the hospital in Asheville North Carolina in which she was a patient. A 1970 biography by Nancy Milford was on the short list of contenders for the Pulitzer Prize. In 1992 Fitzgerald was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. Anna Andreyevna Gorenko (23 June O.S. 11 June 1889 - 5 March 1966) better known by the pen name Anna Akhmatova was one of the most significant Russian poets of 20th century. She was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize in 1965 and received second-most (three) nominations for the award the following year. Akhmatova's work ranges from short lyric poems to intricately structured cycles such as Requiem (1935-40) her tragic masterpiece about the Stalinist terror. Her style characterised by its economy and emotional restraint was strikingly original and distinctive to her contemporaries. The strong and clear leading female voice struck a new chord in Russian poetry. Her writing can be said to fall into two periods - the early work (1912-25) and her later work (from around 1936 until her death) divided by a decade of reduced literary output. Her work was condemned and censored by Stalinist authorities and she is notable for choosing not to emigrate and remaining in the Soviet Union acting as witness to the events around her. Her perennial themes include meditations on time and memory and the difficulties of living and writing in the shadow of Stalinism. Primary sources of information about Akhmatova's life are relatively scant as war revolution and the Soviet regime caused much of the written record to be destroyed. For long periods she was in official disfavour and many of those who were close to her died in the aftermath of the revolution. Akhmatova's first husband Nikolay Gumilyov was executed by the Soviet secret police and her son Lev Gumilyov and her common-law husband Nikolay Punin spent many years in the Gulag where Punin died.